The modification of waterborne polyurethane(WPU) coating can be improved, and the nanocomposite particles can be added to WPU coating, and its mechanical properties and ultraviolet resistance can be improved.GO was synthesized by modified Hummers method, nano?ZnO/CeO2 by copprecipitation, and nano?GO?ZnO/CeO2 by in situ polymerization.It was also characterised by FT?IR,TEM,SEM,XRD,etc.,and the effect of nano?GO?ZnO/CeO2 doping on the performance of WPU was explored.The results showed that nano?GO?ZnO/CeO2 was composed of hybrid particles formed by ZnO and CeO2 of cubic crystal fluorite structure on the GO surface. Compared with the pure WPU film,the fracture tensile strength and elongation at break of the WPU film with the addition of a mass fraction of 0.6% nano?GO?ZnO/CeO2 increased by 43.1% and 47.0%.After 168 h of UV aging experiments,the modified membrane absorbed 15.4% of water,increased the tensile strength at break by 328.0% and the elongation at break by 39.0%.It shows that nano?GO?ZnO/CeO2 can effectively improve the mechanical properties and UV aging resistance of WPU after film formation.
The traditional method for determining the oil content of oily sludge was improved, and the extraction smartphone image colorimetry was established by combining the image colorimetry with the pretreatment method of hot solvent extraction. The effects of RGB value, different color channels, shutter time, sensitivity, white balance and other parameters on the determination of oil content were investigated. Under the premise that the light source was tungsten iodide lamp and the front camera of Samsung A8s mobile phone was used, the best test conditions were finally determined: white balance value was 2 800 K, sensitivity value was 100, shutter time was 1 / 2 000 s. The linear correlation coefficients of the method under the optimal test conditions were more than 0.99 under the optimal test conditions, and the linear range was similar to that of the spectrophotometric method, with the detection limit of 0.06% and the lower limit of 0.24%. The recoveries of 8 groups of parallel standard samples were 96%~103%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.26%, which indicated that the accuracy of this method was relatively high. Compared with the traditional method, this method is more simple and rapid, and its accuracy can meet the needs of conventional oil content measurement, which is expected to realise the rapid on?site determination of oil content of large?scale oil?containing sludge in plants.
A combined chemical cleaning?thermal steam air floatation process was established to treat oil sludge,and the conditions of the combined process were investigated meticulously. Meanwhile, the self?synthesized WP?1 was taken as the main cleaning agent, and the cleaning effect of WP?1 was evaluated by the solid?phase oil content upon treatment. The results reveal that the optimal conditions for the combined process include a mud?to?water ratio of 1 ∶ 3, a cleaning temperature of 80 ℃, an agitation rate of 200 r/min, cleaning time of 1.5 h, holding time of 15.0 min, and thermal steam air floatation of 1.0 h. Thermal steam air floatation solves the problem of suspending and sinking oil particles with large specific gravity in the cleaning process. Under optimal conditions, the solid?phase oil content decreases to 1.2%, meeting the oil sludge treatment standards stipulated in SY/T 7301-2016. The oil removal rate is as high as 92.08% when WP?1 is combined with 0.1 g of sodium silicate, which demonstrates a high price?performance ratio and is of good application value.
A micropore throat plugging material was prepared by emulsion polymerization. Its structural characteristics were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT?IR) spectrum analysis, Raman spectrum analysis, and thermogravimetric?differential thermal analysis (TG?DTA). The particle size range of the synthesized product was determined by a laser particle size analyzer. The inhibition performance and plugging performance of the micropore throat plugging material were also investigated. The results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of the synthesized product is 321.0 °C and that its particle size distribution is between 500 nm and 2 250 nm. When the quantity of the micropore throat protection material used is 1.5%, it performs excellently in inhibiting clay hydration. Moreover, the inhibition effect significantly improves when the micropore throat plugging material is compounded with 0.5% sodium chloride. The filter membrane plugging experiment proves that the filter membrane with a pore diameter of 0.45~10.00 μm can be effectively plugged by the proposed material, and the plugging time is up to 35.43 min when the plugging quantity is 1.5%. After aging at 120 °C for 16 h, the high temperature and high pressure filtration loss is 10.0 mL when the amount of the micropore throat plugging material added is 1.5%.
The UV shielding properties and photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials will vary due to the different surface binding energies of the materials themselves.Nano?zinc oxide (NPs?ZnO),nano?ceria (NPs?CeO2), NPs?ZnO/CeO2 and graphene oxide modified zinc oxide/ceria nanocomposites (NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO) were prepared,and the prepared samples were characterized by XRD,FT?IR,SEM,and the UV shielding properties and photocatalytic properties were tested. The results show that the UV shielding ability: NPs?ZnO<NPs?CeO2<NPs?ZnO/CeO2<NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO, the maximum degradation rate of methylene blue dye after 3 h treatment is:NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO(0.92)>NPs?ZnO(0.89)>NPs?ZnO/CeO2(0.75))>NPs?CeO2(0.66).Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO is stronger than other photocatalysts participating in the experiments.
A single?mode focused microwave synthesis system was used to rapidly synthesize MIL?53(Fe).The effect of reaction additive hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) on the crystal structure, morphology, and particle size of MIL?53(Fe), as well as the microwave synthesis conditions on catalytic performance of MIL?53(Fe) were investigated using 10 mg/L Rhodamine B as a target contaminant. The results show that the addition of CTAB reduces the size of MIL?53(Fe) and makes the shape more regular. When the microwave power is 75 W,the temperature is 100 ℃,the synthesis time is 1 h,n(FeCl3·6H2O)/n (CTAB)=1∶0.5,the catalyst dosage is 0.2 g/L,the degradation rate of Rhodamine B can be more than 90% in 100 minutes under the radiation of 300 W tungsten lamp. It was known from free radical capture experiments that holes and ·OH were the main active species in the photocatalytic process.
A demulsifier DW1 was prepared by emulsion copolymerization.The demulsifier DW1 was characterized by FT?IR,GPC,1H?NMR,13C?NMR and particle size analysis.The demulsification experiment using DW1 as demulsification system was carried out with Xinjiang sludge as the target treatment object,and the sludge before and after treatment was analyzed by sem.The results showed that the synthetic demulsifier DW1 had Mw of 13.9×105 and Mn of 8×105,molecular weight distribution index of 1.73,D50 of 26.00 μm,average particle size of 25.00 μm,non?uniform particle size distribution,and good stability of DW1.The demulsification experiment shows that the oil removal rate of DW1 on a Xinjiang oil field can reach 99.55%.
